The Rwandan-backed M23 armed group in the Democratic Republic of Congo on Tuesday threatened to advance on the provincial capital of Bukavu.
The group cited a “dangerously deteriorating” situation, just as the Congolese government rejected a call for direct talks with the rebels.
The capture of Bukavu would represent an unprecedented expansion of territory under the M23’s control and deal a further blow to Kinshasa’s authority in eastern Congo in the wake of the fall of Goma, the region’s largest city, at the end of January.
Further fighting in the South Kivu province would also add to fears of a broader war due to the presence of Burundian troops backing up Congo and reports of more Rwandan troops gathering at the border to support the M23.
The M23 had paused their march towards Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu province, after declaring a unilateral ceasefire that was followed by calls for an immediate and unconditional ceasefire from regional leaders.
The regional leaders also called for direct talks between President Felix Tshisekedi’s government and the M23 rebels.
Tshisekedi’s ruling UDPS party on Tuesday said Congo would not engage directly with the M23, reiterating any negotiation with the rebels must be done alongside other armed groups within a peace process led by the East African regional bloc.
“The situation in Bukavu is deteriorating dangerously. Our compatriots are continually being killed and pillaged,” Lawrence Kanyuka, a spokesperson for a rebel alliance that includes M23, said in a post on X.
Bukavu and the strategic town of Kavumu, 35 km to the north, where the airport is located, are still under the control of the Congolese army.
“If these crimes persist, we will take our responsibilities to eradicate the threat at its source and protect our people,” Kanyuka said.
The security situation in South Kivu has been further complicated by cases of runaway Congolese soldiers looting villages and attacking civilians.
On Tuesday, a military court in Bukavu heard that 272 detained soldiers and government-allied militia members would be brought before the court for identification and to respond to various charges including looting and murder.
A Congo army spokesperson said a military commander in the region had led an operation that saw the arrest of undisciplined soldiers.
The rebels’ stop-start advance and the possibility of a battle for Bukavu have been stoking fears of a broader conflict with armies from regional countries pitted against each other, as seen in previous wars between 1996 and 2003.
The Congolese army, supported by allied militia groups and the Burundian army, faces likely opposition from the rebels and Rwandan troops, many more of whom have been gathering at Rwanda’s border with South Kivu, witnesses, military and diplomatic sources have said.
